Dining Etiquette in Japan: How to Eat Like a Local

1. Before You Start: Saying Itadakimasu

Before you dig into your meal, it’s customary to say “Itadakimasu” (いただきます), which translates to “I humbly receive.” This phrase expresses gratitude for the food and the effort that went into preparing it.

Pro Tip: If you’re dining with locals, wait for everyone to be served and for someone to initiate the phrase before starting your meal.

Did You Know? The counterpart phrase after finishing your meal is “Gochisousama deshita” (ごちそうさまでした), which means “Thank you for the meal.” It’s a polite way to acknowledge the meal’s preparation.

2. Use Chopsticks Properly

Chopsticks are an integral part of Japanese dining. However, there are a few rules to follow:

• Don’t stick chopsticks upright in rice. This resembles a funeral ritual and is considered bad luck.
• Avoid passing food chopstick-to-chopstick. This also mimics a funeral custom.
• Use the provided chopstick rest. If none is available, fold the paper wrapper into a makeshift rest.
• Don’t point with your chopsticks. This is considered rude and disrespectful.
• Avoid licking your chopsticks. It’s seen as unhygienic and impolite.

3. Respect for Shared Dishes

When eating family-style, use the reverse end of your chopsticks to pick up food from shared plates. This practice is more hygienic and shows consideration for others.

At higher-end restaurants, you might notice special serving chopsticks on shared plates. These are provided to maintain cleanliness and are a subtle touch of Japanese hospitality.

4. Wait for the Host’s Lead

In a formal dining setting, wait for the host to start eating or drinking before you begin. This is a sign of respect and shows your awareness of the occasion.

5. Avoid Overfilling Your Plate

Taking only what you can eat and finishing everything on your plate is a sign of respect for the food and the person who prepared it.

1. Slurping is Encouraged

Unlike in many cultures, slurping your noodles in Japan is perfectly acceptable and even encouraged. It’s seen as a sign of enjoyment and helps to enhance the flavor by aerating the noodles.

If you’re new to this custom, don’t worry about getting it perfect. Just focus on enjoying the experience, especially at ramen shops where slurping is part of the atmosphere.

2. Drink Before You Eat

When dining with a group, drinks are typically ordered before food. Wait for everyone to have their drink and join in the toast by saying “Kanpai” (乾杯), which means “cheers.”

In formal settings, you’ll notice people pouring drinks for each other instead of themselves. This small but meaningful gesture fosters connection and respect among diners.

3. Don’t Pour Your Own Drink

In Japan, it’s customary to pour drinks for others rather than yourself. This fosters a sense of camaraderie and attentiveness.

When I dine with friends or clients, I’m always mindful of their glasses. It’s a small action that makes the experience more enjoyable for everyone.

4. Seasonal Dishes Are Celebrated

Seasonality plays a huge role in Japanese cuisine. Restaurants often highlight seasonal ingredients, so ask about seasonal specialties for a fresh, authentic experience.

5. Bento Etiquette

If eating a bento (boxed meal), it’s polite to neatly fold any disposable wrapping or packaging after finishing. It shows appreciation for the meal’s presentation.

1. Wait to Be Seated

In most restaurants, staff will guide you to your table. It’s considered impolite to seat yourself unless instructed.

2. Take Off Your Shoes

If dining at a traditional restaurant with tatami mat seating, you’ll need to remove your shoes. Be sure to wear clean socks, as you’ll be barefoot or in slippers provided by the restaurant.

When you’re entering a tatami room, avoid stepping on the tatami with bare feet—it’s a small detail, but it shows respect for the space.

3. Avoid Pointing

Pointing with your chopsticks or finger is considered rude. Instead, use open hands to gesture subtly.

4. Silent Appreciation

In Japan, it’s common to enjoy your meal quietly. Loud conversations or excessive laughter can disrupt the serene atmosphere.

That said, if you’re in an izakaya, it’s okay to be a bit more lively. The atmosphere there is more casual and meant for enjoyment.

5. Refill Rice or Miso Soup Respectfully

If you need a refill of rice or miso soup, politely ask the staff instead of helping yourself. This ensures that you don’t disrupt the dining flow.

1. No Tipping

Tipping is not part of Japanese culture and can even cause confusion. The price you see on the menu includes all taxes and service charges.

If you’re particularly impressed by the service, a sincere “Arigatou gozaimasu” (ありがとうございます) goes a long way.

2. Use the Register

In many restaurants, you’ll take the bill to a designated register rather than paying at the table. Look for signs or ask staff if you’re unsure.

3. Cash is King

Although card payments are becoming more common, smaller establishments often prefer cash. Keep some yen handy to avoid inconvenience.

I always recommend carrying smaller bills, especially if you plan to visit local eateries or markets.

4. Split Bills Are Uncommon

Splitting the bill isn’t common in Japan. Typically, one person pays, and others reimburse them later. Alternatively, some restaurants may allow you to pay individually if you ask.

5. Double-Check Change

While rare, errors in change can happen. Politely verify the amount before leaving, and thank the staff for their service.

1. Conveyor Belt Sushi

When dining at kaitenzushi (conveyor belt sushi), you can grab plates as they pass by. Special orders can be made via touchscreen or by calling a staff member.

To make things easier for the staff, stack your finished plates neatly at the table. It’s a simple gesture that reflects the organized nature of Japanese dining.

2. Traditional Kaiseki Meals

Kaiseki is a multi-course Japanese meal that emphasizes seasonality and presentation. Each course has a specific order and pace. Take your time to savor each dish and appreciate the artistry.

Some dishes may come with unique utensils or instructions on how to enjoy them. Don’t hesitate to ask questions—staff are happy to guide you.

3. Izakaya Dining

Izakayas are casual pubs where small plates and drinks are shared. These are great for experiencing a variety of dishes in a lively setting.

Ordering “Omakase” (おまかせ), or chef’s choice, is my go-to in izakayas. It ensures you’ll get a mix of the restaurant’s best dishes without the hassle of deciding.

4. Street Food Stalls

At festivals or markets, eating at street food stalls is a must. Stand near the stall to eat rather than walking, as this is the polite way to enjoy these quick bites.

5. Specialty Restaurants

Japan has restaurants dedicated to specific dishes like unagi (eel) or tempura. These establishments often have unique etiquette, so observing others or asking staff for guidance can enhance your experience.

1. Osaka: The Home of Takoyaki

In Osaka, takoyaki (octopus balls) is a must-try. Locals often eat it straight from the hot griddle, so be careful not to burn your mouth!

Adding toppings like bonito flakes, mayonnaise, and green onion is the best way to enjoy this regional favorite.

2. Kyoto: Matcha Desserts

Kyoto is known for its matcha-based sweets and elegant tea ceremonies. If you’re participating in a tea ceremony, follow the host’s instructions to avoid faux pas.

A favorite of mine is matcha parfaits. You can find them in many Kyoto cafes, offering a delicious and photogenic experience.

3. Hokkaido: Seafood Delights

Hokkaido is famous for its fresh seafood, especially crab and uni (sea urchin). When visiting local markets, try samples before purchasing to find your favorites.

In Sapporo, don’t miss the seafood donburi bowls, loaded with fresh catches from the region.

4. Hiroshima: Okonomiyaki

Hiroshima-style okonomiyaki, a savory pancake layered with cabbage, noodles, and toppings, is a regional specialty. Watch the chef prepare it on a hot griddle for an authentic experience.

5. Fukuoka: Ramen Culture

Fukuoka is famous for its tonkotsu (pork broth) ramen. Visit a yatai (outdoor food stall) for a bowl of ramen and a chance to mingle with locals.

Don’t Waste Food: Leaving food uneaten is considered wasteful and disrespectful. Take only what you can finish, especially at buffets.

Avoid Walking and Eating: Eating on the go is frowned upon, especially in busy streets or on public transport.

Don’t Use Your Phone Excessively: It’s impolite to be on your phone while dining, as it disrupts the communal experience.

Don’t Blow Your Nose at the Table: This is considered very rude in Japan. Excuse yourself to a restroom if needed.

Avoid Resting Chopsticks Across Your Bowl: Use the chopstick rest provided to avoid offending traditional customs.

1. Do I Need to Tip in Japan?

No, tipping is not expected in Japan. Exceptional service is standard and already included in your bill.

2. What If I Can’t Use Chopsticks?

Don’t worry! Most restaurants can provide forks or spoons. Polite gestures and willingness to try are always appreciated.

3. Is It Rude to Ask for Substitutions?

In Japan, the menu is often fixed, and substitutions may not be possible. If you have dietary restrictions, research the restaurant beforehand to ensure options are available.

4. Can I Share My Meal with Others?

Yes, sharing is common, especially in izakayas. Just remember to use the opposite end of your chopsticks when serving others.

5. Is It Okay to Bring Children to Restaurants?

Most Japanese restaurants welcome children, but it’s polite to check beforehand. Family-friendly establishments often provide high chairs or children’s menus.

6. What Should I Do If I Don’t Like the Food?

If you’re served something you don’t enjoy, eat a small portion to show respect. Avoid making negative comments, as this could offend the chef or host.

Understanding Japanese dining etiquette enriches your experience and shows respect for the culture. By following these tips, you’ll not only enjoy the incredible flavors of Japan but also create memorable moments with locals and fellow travelers.

When eating out in Japan, mindfulness and gratitude go a long way. So, the next time you sit down to enjoy sushi, ramen, or kaiseki, you’ll feel confident and connected to this beautiful culinary culture.